Informatics Publishing Limited

Sangeeta Lenka ¹, N. K. Lenka ¹, R. C. Singh ², A. Subba Rao ¹, S. Kundu ¹, Jyothi Raghuwansi ¹, C. P. Patidar ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN

Abstract

Biomass burning is a major contributor to the atmospheric carbon budget and increases the concentration of many trace gases apart from the adverse effects on soil properties. However, in many parts of India, crop residue burning is a recurrent and widespread practice for disposal of the residues after harvest of the previous crop to facilitate sowing of the succeeding crop. The residue burning on a larger scale also leads to severe atmospheric pollution. Against this backdrop, the present work was conducted to study the effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue burning on soil properties and assess the potential greenhouse gas emission from burning of such residues on a regional scale. The study was taken up on farmers' field in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, with two residue disposal methods, viz. residue burning and residue removal, for comparison with respect to their effect on soil properties and the greenhouse gas emission potential. No significant difference was observed between both methods in terms of soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon and available P content at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths. Though residue burning showed favourable effect on available K content, there was reduction in the available N content in the 15-30 cm soil depth. Residue burning did not show significant effect on soil biological activity as estimated from fluorescence diacetate test. On the other hand, there was a significant adverse effect on soil structure and labile carbon content. Residue burning was estimated to result in the emission of 379 Gg C equivalent for India and 14 Gg C equivalent for MP.

Keywords

Biomass Burning, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Soil Properties, Wheat.

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C. P. Patidar ¹, Arun Dev Dongre ²

Affiliations
1 IT Department, IET-DAVV, Indore (M.P.), IN
2 Computer Engineering, IET-DAVV, Indore (M.P.), IN

Abstract

Today we live in the era of software and web applications. Software is used in every minor and major field. In defense, medical, education, research, government, administration and much other field software became a necessary part. Software also brings transparency in the systems. Software also makes people's life easy and comfortable. Software testing is a very important part of any software development process. Software testing requires approximately forty percent budget of any software development process. Like in an automobile industry every vehicle is tested before it goes to the customer. Also in software testing it is must to test the software before deployment. Because if software deployed without testing then user will face the bug and user will be unhappy with the software. In this paper we compare manual and automated testing and proposed an automated testing model with test driven development (TDD).

Keywords

Software Testing, Test Driven Development (TDD) Framework, Test Plan, Test Case, Application Under Test (AUT).

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